Culture | সংস্কৃতি

  • When Did Durga Become Bengali?

    All Bengalis here love Durga, but only few realise that Bengal’s Durga is uniquely Bengali and her form, agenda and legend are quite different from the rest of India. First of all, Durga never comes anywhere in autumn with her whole family and secondly, she is not greeted in other regions as the loving daughter of a whole people, not just Menaka’s.

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  • First Dr Jahangir Bhabha Memorial Lecture

    I thank this prestigious institution, the National Centre for the Performing Arts of Mumbai for giving me this unique honour of delivering the first Jamshed Bhabha Memorial Lecture. Had it not been for the great visionary, this very ground that houses our auditorium and the extraordinary Centre, would still be many feet under the sea. His perseverance and leadership is best exemplified in the amazing reconstruction of his dream theatre, after it was destroyed by fire. I salute both the Bhabha brothers and the Tata family for their interest and munificence — a remarkable quality that distinguishes the Parsee community of India.

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  • Love All Religions Was Mahatma Gandhi’s Mission

    India, as you know, is a multi ethnic, multi lingual, multi religious country which is vast and populous. Of the 1 billion 300 million people in India today, some 170 million are Muslims, which is the second largest Muslim population in any country of the world. Though Muslims are in a minority, they have lived in peace with Hindus and other religions for centuries.

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  • The Company’s Policy & the Consolidation of the Bhadralok Castes

    It may be interesting to recall the story of a teacher whose students were puzzled to find him crawling on his knees under the dim light of a lamppost, looking for something. When his students asked him what he was looking for, he said he had lost the keys to his house somewhere. So the students also went down on their knees and palms and started looking for the keys, but after a futile search, they brushed the dust off their hands and clothes and asked the teacher if he had any idea where he may have dropped the bunch.

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  • Rammohun as Modern India’s First Public Intellectual

    Right from the Upanishadic period, India has an age - old culture of questioning existing beliefs, texts, systems and public authorities both the religious and the secular or political . We have briefly mentioned Gautam Buddha in this regard. But the hard fact is that this practice had fallen into utter disuse by the late medieval and early modern periods. This is when Rammohun arrived.

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  • Maha Shivratri: Bengal has two Shiva Traditions of the potbellied peasant and the King

    On the occasion of Maha Shivratri millions of Shiva devotees keep a fast all day and pray through the night. The festival, which falls on March 4 this year, is one of the holiest days in the Hindu calendar and the most important among the 12 Shivratris celebrated throughout the year. Some say this was the day when Shiva manifested himself in the form of a linga, and the Puranas mention that Shiva wed Parvati on this day. But why do Hindus celebrate this birthday or even the marriage, which was as tempestuous and interesting as most human marriages?

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  • Looking Differently at Indian History : From the Scientific Angle

    The topic which I have chosen to speak today seeks to bridge, to some extent, the ever-increasing gulf between the social sciences and the physical sciences. As academic disciplines improve their coverage and become more organised, more systematic and reach higher levels of understanding of reality in their own different ways, they become more and more exclusive. They begin to speak in languages that arise out of the requirement of their own disciplines without realising that their lexicon is hardly understood by anyone else who is not a part of their limited domain.

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  • Aroma of Filter Coffee: The Tamils of Kolkata

    The moment I read in the papers that the South India Club on Hindustan Park was closing down its famous canteen, I rushed for a last breakfast. But alas, when I reached I found it had already shut down. To make up, I went to the old trustworthy Ramakrishna Lunch Home on Lake Road, so close to where I was born and brought up. I gorged on steaming idlis, crisp vadas dipped in sambhar and a wonderful masala dosa. To me, it was not food — but nostalgia. I grew up on Lake Road that was known as Little Madras.

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  • নতুন বাঙালি

    একটা জিনিস খেয়াল করে দেখেছেন? আজকাল কোনও কল সেন্টার থেকে আপনাকে ফোন করে কেউ একটা মোবাইল কানেকশন নেওয়ার জন্য যখন ঝোলাঝুলি করেন, সাধারণত প্রায় পুরো সময়টাই তিনি হিন্দিতে কথা বলেন। যিনি ফোন করেছেন তাঁর উচ্চারণ শুনে আপনি বুঝতে পারবেন যে ছেলেটি বা মেয়েটি বাঙালি, তাঁর হিন্দিতে বাংলা টানটাও বেশ টের পাবেন আপনি, কিন্তু কথাবার্তা হিন্দিতেই চলবে। সুইগি বা মিন্ট্রাকে ফোন করার সময়, ব্যাঙ্কে বা বড় বড় মল-এ, অ্যাপ ক্যাব-এর চালকদের সঙ্গে, বস্তুত প্রায় সর্বদা এবং সর্বত্রই আমরা আজকাল হিন্দিতে কথা বলি। হিন্দি বলায় চোস্ত হয়ে উঠতে না পারলে আজকাল খুব মুশকিল।

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  • শবরীমালা

    প্রসঙ্গত, শবরীমালা বা শবরীমালাই হল পাহাড়ের নাম, দেবতার নয়। দেবতা হলেন শাস্তা আয়াপ্পন। নামের দু’টি অংশই তাৎপর্যপূর্ণ। ধর্ম-শাস্তা হল মালয়ালিতে বুদ্ধের একটি নাম— এই ধারণা বহুলপ্রচলিত যে, এখানে আদি দেবতা ছিলেন বৌদ্ধ। এখনও তীর্থযাত্রীরা সারা পথ ‘শরণম্’ বলতে বলতে যান। অন্য নামটি (আয়াপ্পন) এসেছে সুপ্রাচীন দ্রাবিড় ঈশ্বর ‘আই’ থেকে।

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  • Durga Puja – Bengal’s Cultural Magna Carta

    During Durga Puja, the indomitable spirit and irrepressible energies of Bengalis literally burst forth, holding normal life to ransom. The spirit of festivity surrounds us as hundreds and thousands of gaily-decorated pandals – those magnificent creations made of bamboo, cloth, plywood and imagination – come up everywhere. They house the mammoth but exquisitely sculpted figures of Durga and her family, and the whole neighbourhood is transformed into a wonderland of lights, animation and music that the organisers conjure.

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  • In West Bengal's Power Structure, Politics and Pujas Go Hand-in-Hand

    Ideological issues that drive regional parties are, by now, fairly well-known to those who may otherwise have little interest in either these causes or in the parties. The two DMKs in Tamil Nadu espouse Dravidian interests over ‘upper-caste hegemony’, the Shiv Sena cries for local Maharashtrians, the Asom Gana Parishad agitates for the true Assamese, the Akalis for Sikh interests, Mayawati for the Dalits and so on. But what exactly does the Trinamool Congress (TMC) stand for and how does it grow from strength to strength?

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  • বারো মাসে তেরো রাজনীতি

    সম্প্রতি পশ্চিমবঙ্গের মুখ্যমন্ত্রী একটি সভায় বক্তৃতা দিতে গিয়ে অগণিত দেবদেবীর নাম বলে গেলেন। ব্যাপারটা বিশেষ ভাবে চোখে পড়ল। দুর্গাপুজো আসছে, তাঁর সরকারের মন্ত্রী ও দলের নেতারা উল্টোরথের দিন খুঁটিপুজো নিয়ে দারুণ মেতে উঠলেন, সেটাও চোখে পড়ল। তবে ঘটনা হচ্ছে, বাংলায় এখন পুজো আর উৎসবের শেষ নেই। শীতলা, মনসা, রক্ষাকালী, ধর্মঠাকুর, বড়ঠাকুর এবং আরও অনেক দেবদেবী এ কালে গ্রাম থেকে শহরে অভিবাসী হয়েছেন, অনেকটা বিভূতিভূষণ বা সত্যজিতের অপুর মতো।

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  • Guru Purnima Has Its Roots in Buddhism and Jainism, Not Hinduism

    Though gurus have been an integral part of the ancient Hindu tradition, the celebration of a specific day purnima in their honour in the month of Ashadha has its roots in Buddhism and Jainism. Gurus no doubt got respectful mentions in the Rig Veda (hymn 4.5.6) and in the Upanishads (chapter 4.4 of the Chhandogya) and in chapter 3 of the Taittiriya or in chapter 6 of the Shvetashvatara.

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  • The Jagannath Rath Yatra Is a Reminder of How Inclusive Hinduism Can Be

    This year, the July 14-22 period has been dedicated to Jagannath and to his annual Ratha Yatra, which has been described somewhat inadequately as the ‘Chariot Festival’. The rites associated with the journey of Jagannath and his two companions from the great temple and their return nine days later has been recalled.

    But can we look beyond the trappings and festivities of this annual ritual of the Hindus, and grasp the essence of an eternal Indian tradition of accommodation?

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  • রথযাত্রা

    হরেকৃষ্ণ মহতাব ১৯৪৮ সালে বলেছিলেন, বৌদ্ধধর্ম থেকেই জগন্নাথ-ভজনার উৎপত্তি। বিস্তর চেঁচামেচি হয়েছিল তা নিয়ে। একই কথা তার আগে ও বলেছিলেন রাজেন্দ্রলাল মিত্র, এবং হান্টার, কানিংহ্যাম বা মনিয়ের-উইলিয়ামস-এর মতো ব্রিটিশ পণ্ডিতরাও। কিন্তু বিপরীত মতের ইতিহাসবিদরা সমান জোরের সঙ্গে বলেছেন, ‘বৌদ্ধধর্ম থেকে এই ধারাটির জন্ম হতে পারে না, পরবর্তী কালে এর উপর বৌদ্ধধর্মের প্রবল প্রভাব পড়েছে।’ ইতিহাসবিদ কেদারনাথ মহাপাত্রের মতে, পুরীর তিন দেবতার উৎস আসলে জৈন ত্রি-রত্ন। আবার গীতার ত্রিগুণা অধ্যায় থেকেও এসেছে জগন্নাথ, বলভদ্র ও সুভদ্রার কল্পনা।

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  • Introduction to 'Where Gods Reside: Kolkata’s Sacred Places', Jael Silliman, 2018

    There are literally hundreds of books on the enchanting city of Kolkata—its history, its music, its streets, its people, its festivals and so on. But it is difficult to find a comprehensive volume on all the important places of worship, even with a lot of effort. Mala Mukherjee and Jael Silliman have filled this gap by bringing in vivid colours all the interesting places of worship of different communities that lend Kolkata its unique vibrancy and zest for life.

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  • What Exactly is Ramzan?

    In India, we are passing through a traumatic period when the very ‘idea of India’ is being challenged by forces that are ignorant of the contribution of different communities to the architecture of Indian existence.

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  • Are Bengalis Turning Vegetarian?

    A severe existentialist crisis is presently tormenting the fish-loving and (later) meat-gorging Bengalis — and many are seriously looking at the vegetarian option. A tragedy of epic proportions has visited everyone, rich and poor, Hindu or Muslim, just when the Registrar General of Census declared that Bengalis are the most non-vegetarian people in India. In all, 98.55% of them eat meat and fish, while at the other end, only 25% of Rajasthanis touch non-vegetarian food.

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  • সত্তরের দশক মুরগির দশক

    সাবধানে গাড়ি চালান, মনে রাখবেন রাস্তায় কুকুর-বিড়াল মরলে আপনাকেই খেতে হবে।— এ রকম নানান রসিকতা গত কিছু দিন ধরে পশ্চিমবঙ্গের মানুষের হাতে হাতে ঘুরছে। বিপাকে পড়লে বাঙালির বুদ্ধি খোলে, রসের বান ডাকে। বিপাক বইকী— মাংস খাওয়া বাঙালির এমনই অভ্যেস যে ভাগাড় থেকে হরেক রকমের মাংস সরবরাহ হয়ে আসছে জেনে অনেকেরই অন্নপ্রাশনের ভাত উঠে আসার জোগাড়! ঘড়া ঘড়া গঙ্গাজলেও এই পাপের ক্ষালন হওয়ার নয়। তা ছাড়া গঙ্গাজলে তো কলুষ আরও বাড়বে, কারণ সেই যে মোদীজি এবং উমা ভারতী গঙ্গাকে স্বচ্ছ করবেন বললেন, তার পর থেকে পতিতোদ্ধারিণী আরও দূষিত হয়েছে।

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